{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T20:24:59Z","timestamp":1785615899802,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repositioning offers a cost\u2010effective approach to discovering new therapeutic applications for existing medications. Ambroxol, primarily used as a mucolytic for respiratory diseases, has demonstrated anti\u2010inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, suggesting potential benefits in non\u2010pulmonary conditions. This study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of ambroxol in experimental disease models unrelated to the respiratory system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following registration in the Open Science Framework and adherence to the PICO strategy for formulating the guiding question, searches were performed in PUBMED\/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS using the keywords: (Ambroxol) AND (Anti\u2010Inflammatory Agents OR Analgesics OR Antioxidants) AND (Animals OR in\u00a0vivo). The SYRCLE tool assessed methodological quality. Among 353 identified records, eight articles met eligibility criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These studies investigated ambroxol's effects in models of gastric lesions, neuropathic pain, psoriasis\u2010like skin inflammation, hemorrhagic cystitis, and ischemia\/reperfusion injuries in the liver and kidneys. Ambroxol doses ranged from 5 to 1000\u2009mg\/kg, predominantly administered orally. Its antioxidant properties were demonstrated by reducing free radicals and increasing enzymatic activity (SOD, CAT, GSH). Anti\u2010inflammatory effects included a decrease in pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2) and histological improvements. Antinociceptive action was observed through inhibition of voltage\u2010gated sodium channels and reduction of oxidative stress, alleviating neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite ambroxol's widespread clinical use, limited research has explored its non\u2010respiratory applications. Existing studies suggest its promising therapeutic potential, reinforcing the need for further investigation into its role as an alternative treatment for various inflammatory and oxidative stress\u2013related conditions beyond pulmonary diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:45:27Z","timestamp":1773456327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non\u2010Pulmonary Mechanisms of Action of Ambroxol in In\u00a0Vivo Experimental Models: a Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelline\u00a0Joana\u00a0Ten\u00f3rio\u00a0Albuquerque\u00a0Madruga","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department I Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA) 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