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Establishing a chronic bacterial infection requires the active evasion of the host immune response. A major arm of the innate immune defence is constituted by macrophages, which fight infections by removing bacteria and triggering an adaptive immune response. However, some pathogenic <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infect and survive in macrophages at least for a certain period of time. Therefore, macrophages can serve as vehicles for the dissemination of bacterial infections from the primary infection site via the urogenital or respiratory tract to distant sites in the body. The capacity to infect macrophages seems to depend on the chlamydial strain and the source of macrophages. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> infections of macrophages with <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> reveal low efficiency of infection and progeny formation, as well as failure to develop mature inclusions. In contrast, the emerging pathogen, <jats:italic>Simkania negevensis<\/jats:italic>, actively replicates in macrophages. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the intracellular and molecular key mechanisms of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. negevensis<\/jats:italic> infections in human macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1448637043000},"page":"608-618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interaction of Chlamydiae with human macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Jo\u2010Ana","family":"Herweg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Department of Microbiology University of W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Department of Microbiology University 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