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The epididymis is a highly complex organ, with multiple histological zones and cell types that together change the composition and functional abilities of sperm through poorly understood mechanisms. Sperm take up taurine during epididymal transit, which may play antioxidant or osmoregulatory roles. Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a critical enzyme for taurine synthesis. A previous study reported that male CDO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice exhibit idiopathic infertility, prompting us to investigate the functions of CDO in male fertility. Immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction analysis of epididymal segments showed that androgen\u2010dependent CDO expression was highest in the caput epididymidis. CDO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mouse sperm demonstrated a severe lack of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization ability. Acrosome exocytosis and tyrosine phosphorylation profiles in response to stimuli were normal, suggesting normal functioning of pathways associated with capacitation. CDO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> sperm had a slight increase in head abnormalities. Taurine and hypotaurine concentrations in CDO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> sperm decreased in the epididymal intraluminal fluid and sperm cytosol. We found no evidence of antioxidant protection against lipid peroxidation. However, CDO<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> sperm exhibited severe defects in volume regulation, swelling in response to the relatively hypo\u2010osmotic conditions found in the female reproductive tract. Our findings suggest that epididymal CDO plays a key role in post\u2010testicular sperm maturation, enabling sperm to osmoregulate as they transition from the male to the female reproductive tract, and provide new understanding of the compartmentalized functions of the epididymis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T15:33:37Z","timestamp":1522510417000},"page":"1827-1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cysteine dioxygenase is essential for mouse sperm osmoadaptation and male fertility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Asano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Japan"},{"name":"The Baker Institute for Animal Health Cornell University Ithaca NY 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