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Thus, ubiquitination can generate multiple unique surfaces on a target protein substrate. Ubiquitin\u2010binding domains (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UBD<\/jats:styled-content>s) recognize ubiquitinated substrates, by specifically binding to these unique surfaces, modulate the formation of cellular signaling complexes and regulate downstream signaling cascades. Among the eight different homotypic chain types, Met1\u2010linked (also termed linear) chains are the only chains in which linkage occurs on a non\u2010Lys residue of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin chains have been implicated in immune responses, cell death and autophagy, and several <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UBD<\/jats:styled-content>s \u2010 specific for linear ubiquitin chains \u2010 have been identified. 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