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Recently, many of these nucleus accumbens\u2010projecting DA neurons were found to also release the neurotransmitter glutamate. This glutamate co\u2010release from DA neurons is critical in mediating the effect of drugs of abuse on addiction\u2010related behaviors. Potential mechanisms underlying the role(s) of dopamine\/glutamate co\u2010release in contributing to SUDs are unclear. Nevertheless, an important clue may relate to glutamate's ability to potentiate loading of DA into synaptic vesicles within terminals in the nucleus accumbens in response to drug\u2010induced elevations in neuronal activity, enabling a more robust release of DA after stimulation. Here, we summarize how drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, opioids, and alcohol, alter DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell, examine the potential role of DA\/glutamate co\u2010release in mediating these effects, and discuss future directions for further investigating these mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T20:54:35Z","timestamp":1595537675000},"page":"1462-1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Roles of dopamine and glutamate co\u2010release in the nucleus accumbens in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"Silas A.","family":"Buck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Translational Neuroscience Program University of 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