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In prokaryotes, this is catalysed by alternative pyrimidine biosynthesis E (ApbE) flavin transferases. ApbE\u2010like domains are present in few eukaryotic taxa, for example the N\u2010terminal domain of fumarate reductase (FRD) of\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a parasitic protist known as a tropical pathogen causing African sleeping sickness. We use the versatile reverse genetic tools available for\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    to investigate the flavinylation of glycosomal FRD (FRDg)\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the physiological and organellar context. Using direct in\u2010gel fluorescence detection of covalently attached flavin as proxy for activity, we show that the ApbE\u2010like domain of FRDg has flavin transferase activity\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The ApbE domain is preceded by a consensus flavinylation target motif at the extreme N terminus of FRDg, and serine 9 in this motif is essential as flavin acceptor. The preferred mode of flavinylation in the glycosome was addressed by stoichiometric expression and comparison of native and catalytically inactive ApbE domains. In addition to the\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010flavinylation activity, the ApbE domain catalyses the intramolecular\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010flavinylation with at least fivefold higher efficiency. We discuss how the higher efficiency due to unusual fusion of the ApbE domain to its substrate protein FRD may provide a selective advantage by faster FRD biogenesis during rapid metabolic adaptation of trypanosomes. The first 37 amino acids of FRDg, including the consensus motif, are sufficient as flavinylation target upon fusion to other proteins. We propose FRDg(1\u201037) as 4\u2010kDa heat\u2010stable, detergent\u2010resistant fluorescent protein tag and suggest its use as a new tool to study glycosomal protein import.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T06:48:07Z","timestamp":1616482087000},"page":"5430-5445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficient flavinylation of glycosomal fumarate reductase by its own ApbE domain in\n                    <i>Trypanosoma brucei<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Schenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biozentrum Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Biologie Genetik Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (LMU) Martinsried 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