{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:32:30Z","timestamp":1790105550258,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017291","name":"Zhongshan Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019AG035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019AG035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017291","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The melanosome is an organelle that produces melanin for skin pigmentation, which is synthesized by epidermal melanocytes, subsequently transported and internalized by epidermal keratinocytes. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight radiation is a major stimulator of melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to be released by keratinocytes under UV exposure, which regulates melanin production in melanocytes by participating in which has been named as \u2018skin synapse\u2019. Here, the role of cholinergic molecules, i.e. ACh and \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), in regulating melanosome uptake through phagocytosis by keratinocytes was illustrated. In cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), the fluorescent beads at different sizes imitating melanosomes, or melanosomes, were phagocytosed under UV exposure. The UV\u2010induced phagocytosis in keratinocytes was markedly increased by applied ACh, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor or an \u03b17 nAChR agonist. By contrast, the antagonist of \u03b17 nAChR was able to fully block the UV\u2010induced phagocytosis, suggesting the role of \u03b17 nAChR in this event. The intracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                    mobilization was triggered by UV exposure, accounting for the initiation of phagocytosis. The blockage of UV\u2010mediated Ca\n                    <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                    mobilization, triggered by BAPTA\u2010AM or \u03b17 nAChR antagonist, resulted in a complete termination of phagocytosis. Besides, the phosphorylation of cofilin, as well as expression and activation of RhoA, accounting for phagocytosis was induced by UV exposure: the phosphorylation was blocked by BAPTA\u2010AM or \u03b17 nAChR antagonist. The result suggests that the cholinergic system, especially \u03b17 nAChR, is playing a regulatory role in modulating melanosome uptake in keratinocytes being induced by UV exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T10:45:18Z","timestamp":1662029118000},"page":"724-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The\n                    <scp>UV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010induced uptake of melanosome by skin keratinocyte is triggered by \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor\u2010mediated phagocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Maggie Suisui","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology  Hong Kong 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Hong Kong University of Science and Technology  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen 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