{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:17:14Z","timestamp":1783178234808,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007172","name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD098280\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD098280\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI), a leading cause of pediatric upper limb paralysis, results in disabling and incurable muscle contractures that are driven by impaired longitudinal growth of denervated muscles. A rare form of NBPI, which maintains both afferent and sympathetic muscle innervation despite motor denervation, protects against contractures. We have previously ruled out a role for NRG\/ErbB signaling, the predominant pathway governing antegrade afferent neuromuscular transmission, in modulating the formation of contractures. Our current study therefore investigated the contributions of sympathetic innervation of skeletal muscle in modulating NBPI\u2010induced contractures. Through chemical sympathectomy and pharmacologic modification with a \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenergic agonist, we discovered that sympathetic innervation alone is neither required nor sufficient to modulate contracture formation in neonatal mice. Despite this, sympathetic innervation plays an intriguing sex\u2010specific role in mediating neonatal muscle growth, as the cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and volume of normally innervated male muscles were diminished by ablation of sympathetic neurons and increased by \u03b2\u2010adrenergic stimulation. Intriguingly, the robust alterations in CSA occurred with minimal changes to normal longitudinal muscle growth as determined by sarcomere length. Instead, \u03b2\u2010adrenergic stimulation exacerbated sarcomere overstretch in denervated male muscles, indicating potentially discrete regulation of muscle width and length. Future investigations into the mechanistic underpinnings of these distinct aspects of muscle growth are thus essential for improving clinical outcomes in patients affected by muscle disorders in which both length and width are affected.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T10:10:58Z","timestamp":1689675058000},"page":"4877-4898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of sympathetic innervation in neonatal muscle growth and neuromuscular contractures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Mason T.","family":"Runkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Butler University  Indianapolis IN 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