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In this study, we ascertained that despite the resistance by nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) to the invasion of\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2009acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    through microbicidal phagocytosis,\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2009acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is able to nevertheless promote its long\u2010term colonization by inhibiting the sustained bactericidal capability of NPCs. This allows\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2009acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    to reside in intervertebral discs for an extended period, ultimately inducing chronic infectious intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Mechanistically,\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2009acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    impairs the mitochondrial biogenesis of NPCs through the AMPK\/SIRT\u20101\/PGC\u20101\u03b1 signaling pathway. This results in impaired mitochondria that are unable to generate sufficient ATP and deliver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) to carry out the bactericidal process effectively, thus hampering the sustained microbicidal function. These findings provide novel insights into how\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u2009acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    evades being phagocytosed and killed by NPCs and may offer potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of infectious IVDD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T10:24:19Z","timestamp":1756808659000},"page":"295-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i>\n                    evades microbicidal phagocytosis by inhibiting the mitochondrial biogenesis of nucleus pulposus cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Lemeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  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