{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T07:02:19Z","timestamp":1779865339073,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIRP\u20102731\u20102023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIRP\u20102731\u20102023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009053","name":"Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA\/S\/19\/1\/504263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\/S\/19\/1\/504263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The field of apicomplexan transgenics has been transformed by selectable markers that couple metabolism, drug action, and genetic engineering. This review consolidates three decades of progress across model parasites,\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , illustrating how selection markers have enabled genome engineering. We dissect the rationale and mechanisms underlying positive and negative drug selections and emphasize marker recycling. Practical guidance is paired with failure diagnostics that determine whether transgenic selections succeed\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Looking forward, we outline new directions for expanding the toolkit: exploiting auxotrophy, importing orthogonal resistance genes, and leveraging CRISPR\u2010based marker\u2010free editing. We discuss translational constraints, especially the need for self\u2010excising or transient markers in vaccine research, adapting selection in nonmodel species and the value of selection marker\n                    <jats:italic>cocktails<\/jats:italic>\n                    for pathway\u2010scale engineering. By integrating models, mechanisms, methods, and modalities, this article provides a rigorous framework for parasite engineering and a clear path to novel orthogonal, host\u2010sparing selection strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T06:06:02Z","timestamp":1779861962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transgenic selection and underlying mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5290-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swaroop","family":"Peddiraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Parasite Education and Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakhee","family":"Lohia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Parasite Education and Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishith","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Parasite Education and Research Labs (iPEARL), Department of Biological Sciences Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201800001X","article-title":"New and emerging uses of CRISPR\/Cas9 to genetically manipulate apicomplexan parasites","volume":"145","author":"Di Cristina M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14821","article-title":"A toolbox for conditional control of gene expression in apicomplexan parasites","volume":"117","author":"Briquet S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11703","article-title":"Stable molecular transformation of toxoplasma gondii: a selectable dihydrofolate reductase\u2010thymidylate synthase marker based on drug\u2010resistance mutations 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