{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:56:49Z","timestamp":1789829809411,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIRPSG\u20102024\u201001\u201006557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIRPSG\u20102024\u201001\u201006557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR53889\/BMS\/85\/260\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR53889\/BMS\/85\/260\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/RLF\/Re\u2010entry\/08\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/RLF\/Re\u2010entry\/08\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The FEBS Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Idiopathic male infertility is a rising global concern characterised by ejaculatory defects, absence or low sperm count with abnormal morphology, and poor sperm motility. Deciphering the aetiology of male infertility requires a fundamental understanding of multiple spermatogenic events, including sperm maturation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 paralog\u2010\u03b1 (GSK3\u03b1) plays a critical role in sperm maturation, specifically during epididymal motility, capacitation and hyperactivation. Methylation modulates mRNA transport, stability, turnover, and translational efficiency to meet cellular requirements. The mRNA demethylase, fat mass and obesity\u2010associated protein (FTO), is a target for phosphorylation by GSK3\u03b1, suggesting the potential role of this enzyme in male fertility. This study focuses on the high\u2010affinity spatiotemporal interaction between FTO and GSK3\u03b1 to delineate the post\u2010transcriptional modifications in the murine testis. Expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Gsk3a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Fto<\/jats:italic>\n                    increases temporally starting with day 18\u201320 postpartum testis, coinciding with meiosis I and gradually peaks by day 25\u201334 with the formation of spermatids and completion of spermatogenesis. Co\u2010immunoprecipitation of GSK3\u03b1 and GSK3\u03b2 with FTO using respective antibodies and super\u2010resolution microscopy shows a preferential interaction of GSK3\u03b1 with FTO. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>Gsk3a<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mice showed significantly low m6A levels in testis, presumably due to enhanced FTO activity.\n                    <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein\u2013protein docking and molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated an energetically favourable, consensus phosphorylation motif\u2010dependent high\u2010affinity interaction between FTO and GSK3\u03b1, further validating our observation. A specific missense mutation (Cys326\u2009&gt;\u2009Ser) permitted an additional GSK3\u2010phosphorylation site in FTO, leading to teratozoospermia in a patient. Collectively, this study affirms GSK3\u03b1 as a spatiotemporal regulator of FTO function inside the mammalian testis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T06:57:23Z","timestamp":1786431443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>GSK3\u03b1<\/scp>\n                    \u2010mediated regulation of the\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    demethylase fat mass and obesity\u2010associated protein (\n                    <scp>FTO<\/scp>\n                    ) during murine spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Choudhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biotherapeutics Research Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1799-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souvik","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biotherapeutics Research Manipal Academy of Higher Education  Manipal 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