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Pili are types of surface appendages that play important roles in the initial adhesion of bacterial cells to host tissues and bacterial colonization. The Gram\u2010positive bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), one of the pathogenic clostridial species causing gas gangrene and food poisoning, has sortase\u2010mediated pili composed of shaft\/major pilin A (CppA) and tip\/minor pilin B (CppB). The pilus shaft is formed by covalent polymerization of CppA, and CppB is covalently attached to the tip of the shaft involved in adhesion to the host cell. The formation of covalent bonds between CppB and CppA, as well as between CppA and CppA, is catalyzed by class C sortase (CpSrtC), a member of the cysteine transpeptidase family. Since pili consistently have CppB at their tip, CpSrtC is the enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the attachment of CppB (tip) to CppA (shaft) rather than polymerization of CppAs by an unknown mechanism. We determined the structures of complexes formed by covalently linking CppB and CppA by X\u2010ray crystallography and cryo\u2010EM analysis. The complexes have an elongated structure in which \u03b2\u2010sandwich folded domains are sequentially arranged, and an amide bond between Thr688 of CppB and Lys174 of CppA was clearly identified. The determined structures allowed us to construct a three\u2010dimensional structure model with dynamic motion of\n                    <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n                    pili, and proposed new insights into the mechanism by which CppB is preferentially attached to CppA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:14:30Z","timestamp":1789460070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic motion of bacterial surface pili based on structural analyses of covalently linked complexes formed by tip and shaft pili proteins from\n                    <i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Japan"},{"name":"International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education Kagawa University  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, College of Pharmaceutical Science Matsuyama University  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sekiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, College of Pharmaceutical Science Matsuyama University  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Kamitori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Japan"},{"name":"International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education Kagawa University  Japan"},{"name":"Digital Open Laboratory, Research Facility Center for Science &amp; Technology Kagawa University  Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01400-0","article-title":"Surface protein adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"6","author":"Foster TJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.016","article-title":"A distinct type of pilus from the human microbiome","volume":"165","author":"Xu Q","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.40","article-title":"A comprehensive guide to pilus biogenesis in gram\u2010negative bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Hospenthal MK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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