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We assessed potential gene\u2010by\u2010environment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GxE<\/jats:styled-content>) interactions on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related reading, spelling and memory phenotypes. The presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GxE<\/jats:styled-content>effects were investigated for the<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DYX1C1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCDC2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIAA0319<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROBO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>genes, and for seven specified environmental moderators in 165 nuclear families in which at least one member had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>, by implementing a general test for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GxE<\/jats:styled-content>interaction in sib\u2010pair\u2010based association analysis of quantitative traits. Our results support a diathesis\u2010stress model for both reading and memory composites:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GxE<\/jats:styled-content>effects were found between some specified environmental moderators (i.e. maternal smoke during pregnancy, birth weight and socio\u2010economic status) and the<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DYX1C1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">1259C<\/jats:styled-content>\/G marker. We have provided initial evidence that the joint analysis of identified genetic risk susceptibility and measured putative risk factors can be exploited in the study of the etiology of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>and reading\u2010related neuropsychological phenotypes, and may assist in identifying\/preventing the occurrence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,24]],"date-time":"2012-11-24T11:02:59Z","timestamp":1353754979000},"page":"47-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["An assessment of gene\u2010by\u2010environment interactions in\u00a0developmental dyslexia\u2010related phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mascheretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Academic Centre for the study of Behavioural Plasticity Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan 20132 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Qu\u00e9bec G1V 0A6 Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec G1J 2\u2009G3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Academic Centre for the study of Behavioural Plasticity Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University Milan 20132 Italy"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec G1J 2\u2009G3 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Scientific Institute San Raffaele Milan 20132 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea Bosisio Parini Lecco 23842 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Quadrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea Bosisio Parini Lecco 23842 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Croteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec G1J 2\u2009G3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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