{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:55:05Z","timestamp":1790398505039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Written and verbal languages are neurobehavioral traits vital to the development of communication skills. Unfortunately, disorders involving these traits\u2014specifically reading disability (RD<\/jats:styled-content>) and language impairment (LI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014are common and prevent affected individuals from developing adequate communication skills, leaving them at risk for adverse academic, socioeconomic and psychiatric outcomes. Both RD<\/jats:styled-content> and LI<\/jats:styled-content> are complex traits that frequently co\u2010occur, leading us to hypothesize that these disorders share genetic etiologies. To test this, we performed a genome\u2010wide association study on individuals affected with both RD<\/jats:styled-content> and LI<\/jats:styled-content> in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The strongest associations were seen with markers in ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20091.81, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.45\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22127<\/jats:sup>) and COL4A2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20091.71, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.59\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22127<\/jats:sup>). Markers within NDST4<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> showed the strongest associations with LI<\/jats:styled-content> individually (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20091.827, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.40\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22127<\/jats:sup>). We replicated association of ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> using receptive vocabulary measures in the Pediatric Imaging Neurocognitive Genetics study (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.00245). We then used diffusion tensor imaging fiber tract volume data on 16 fiber tracts to examine the implications of replicated markers. ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> was a predictor of overall fiber tract volumes in both hemispheres, as well as global brain volume. Here, we present evidence for ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> as a candidate gene for RD<\/jats:styled-content> and LI<\/jats:styled-content>. The implication of transcription factor ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> in RD<\/jats:styled-content> and LI<\/jats:styled-content> underscores the importance of transcriptional regulation in the development of higher order neurocognitive traits. Further study is necessary to discern target genes of ZNF385D<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and how it functions within neural development of fluent language<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T15:26:41Z","timestamp":1378913201000},"page":"792-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Genome\u2010wide association study of shared components of reading disability and language impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"J. D.","family":"Eicher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. R.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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