{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T02:23:32Z","timestamp":1775355812515,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Engrailed\u20102<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic>) is a homeobox transcription factor that regulates neurodevelopmental processes including neuronal connectivity and elaboration of monoaminergic neurons in the ventral hindbrain. We previously reported abnormalities in brain noradrenergic concentrations in <jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic> null mutant mice that were accompanied by increased immobility in the forced swim test, relevant to depression. An <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN2<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genetic polymorphism has been associated with autism spectrum disorders, and mice with a deletion in <jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic> display social abnormalities and cognitive deficits that may be relevant to multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. This study evaluated the ability of chronic treatment with desipramine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMI<\/jats:styled-content>), a selective norepinephrine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content>) reuptake inhibitor and classical antidepressant, to reverse behavioral abnormalities in <jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Desipramine treatment significantly reduced immobility in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, restored sociability in the three\u2010chambered social approach task and reversed impairments in contextual fear conditioning in <jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Our findings indicate that modulation of brain noradrenergic systems rescues the depression\u2010related phenotype in <jats:italic>En2<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 mice and suggest new roles for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content> in the pathophysiology of the social and cognitive deficits seen in neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism or schizophrenia<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T17:30:45Z","timestamp":1387906245000},"page":"286-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Chronic desipramine treatment rescues depression\u2010related, social and cognitive deficits in <i>Engrailed\u20102<\/i> knockout mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Brielmaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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