{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:59:41Z","timestamp":1791388781885,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Linkage studies have identified a locus on chromosome 3 as reading disabilities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>) and speech and sound disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSD<\/jats:styled-content>) susceptibility region, with both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSD<\/jats:styled-content> sharing similar phonological processing and phonological memory difficulties. One gene in this region, <jats:italic>roundabout homolog 1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROBO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), has been indicated as a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> candidate and has shown significant association with measures of phonological memory in a population\u2010based sample. In this study, we conducted a family\u2010based association analysis using two independent samples collected in Toronto and Calgary, Canada. Using the two samples, we tested for association between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROBO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> single nucleotide polymorphisms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNPs<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>, along with quantitative measures for reading, spelling and phonological memory. One <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>, rs331142, which was selected based on its correlation with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROBO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression in brain tissue, was found to be significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> in the Toronto sample with over transmission of the minor C allele (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), correlated with low expression. This <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content> is located \u223c200\u2009bp from a putative enhancer and results for a marker within the enhancer, rs12495133, showed evidence for association with the same allele in both the Toronto and Calgary samples (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). These results support previous associations between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROBO1<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as correlation with low gene expression, suggesting a possible mechanism of risk conferred by this gene.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T14:57:02Z","timestamp":1394463422000},"page":"430-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Association of the <i><scp>ROBO1<\/scp><\/i> gene with reading disabilities in a family\u2010based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Development Division Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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