{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:12:00Z","timestamp":1790507520297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Individuals with an extra X chromosome are at increased risk for autism symptoms. This study is the first to assess theory of mind and facial affect labeling in children with an extra X chromosome. Forty\u2010six children with an extra X chromosome (29 boys with Klinefelter syndrome and 17 girls with Trisomy X), 56 children with autism spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>) and 88 non\u2010clinical controls, aged 9\u201318\u2009years, were included. Similar to children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>, children with an extra X chromosome showed significant impairments in social cognition. Regression analyses showed that different cognitive functions predicted social cognitive skills in the extra X and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> groups. The social cognitive deficits were similar for boys and girls with an extra X chromosome, and not specific for a subgroup with high Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised autism scores. Thus, children with an extra X chromosome show social cognitive deficits, which may contribute to social dysfunction, not only in children showing a developmental pattern that is \u2018typical\u2019 for autism but also in those showing mild or late presenting autism symptoms. Our findings may also help explain variance in type of social deficit: children may show similar social difficulties, but these may arise as a consequence of different underlying information processing deficits.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,22]],"date-time":"2014-03-22T11:54:41Z","timestamp":1395489281000},"page":"459-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Social cognition and underlying cognitive mechanisms in children with an extra X chromosome: a comparison with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies Leiden University"},{"name":"Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Child and Adolescent 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