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Transient imbalances between developmental trajectories of corticolimbic structures, which are known to contribute to regulation over fear learning and anxiety, can leave an individual susceptible to mental illness, particularly anxiety disorders. There is a substantial body of literature indicating that the endocannabinoid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>) system critically regulates stress responsivity and emotional behavior throughout the life span, making this system a novel therapeutic target for stress\u2010 and anxiety\u2010related disorders. During early life and adolescence, corticolimbic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>signaling changes dynamically and coincides with different sensitive periods of fear learning, suggesting that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>signaling underlies age\u2010specific fear learning responses. Moreover, perturbations to these normative fluctuations in corticolimbic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>signaling, such as stress or cannabinoid exposure, could serve as a neural substrate contributing to alterations to the normative developmental trajectory of neural structures governing emotional behavior and fear learning. In this review, we first introduce the components of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>system and discuss clinical and rodent models showing<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>regulation of fear learning and anxiety in adulthood. Next, we highlight distinct fear learning and regulation profiles throughout development and discuss the ontogeny of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>system in the central nervous system, and models of pharmacological augmentation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eCB<\/jats:styled-content>signaling during development in the context of fear learning and anxiety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T08:39:39Z","timestamp":1443602379000},"page":"108-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Developmental regulation of fear learning and anxiety behavior by endocannabinoids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"T. 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