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In mice these inputs are detected mainly by the vomeronasal organ (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNO<\/jats:styled-content>) and the main olfactory epithelium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOE<\/jats:styled-content>). We investigated the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated inputs in experience\u2010dependent plasticity of reproductive responses. We applied a sex\u2010specific conditioned odor aversion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COA<\/jats:styled-content>) paradigm on adult, wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) male mice and on male mice impaired in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated signal transduction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TrpC2<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>). We found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> males, which underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COA<\/jats:styled-content> to female\u2010soiled bedding, lost their innate preference to female odors and presented lower motivation to approach a sexually receptive female. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COA<\/jats:styled-content> also abolished the testosterone surge normally seen following exposure to female odors. Moreover, the conditioned males displayed impairments in copulatory behaviors, which lasted for several weeks. Surprisingly, these males also exhibited phobic behaviors towards receptive females, including freezing and fleeing responses. In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> males which underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COA<\/jats:styled-content> specifically to male pheromones showed no change in olfactory preference and only a marginally significant elevation in intermale aggression. Finally, we show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TrpC2<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> males were able to acquire aversion to female\u2010soiled bedding and presented similar behavioral alterations following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COA<\/jats:styled-content> in their responses to female cues. Our results demonstrate that the intrinsic rewarding value of female pheromones can be overridden through associative olfactory learning, which occurs independently of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNO<\/jats:styled-content> inputs, probably through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOE<\/jats:styled-content> signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T11:12:59Z","timestamp":1471518779000},"page":"722-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Conditioned odor aversion induces social anxiety towards females in wild\u2010type and <i><scp>TrpC2<\/scp><\/i> knockout male mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Beny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kimchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00874-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach","author":"Alcock 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