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Cortical thickness of the rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), a region critical for executive function, has been associated with depression\u2010 and stress\u2010related phenotypes. Here, we examined whether RMFG cortical thickness is associated with these phenotypes in a large family\u2010based community sample. RMFG cortical thickness was estimated using FreeSurfer among participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009879) who completed the ongoing Human Connectome Project. Depression\u2010related phenotypes (i.e. sadness, positive affect) and perceived stress were assessed via self\u2010report. After accounting for sex, age, ethnicity, average whole\u2010brain cortical thickness, twin status and familial structure, RMFG thickness was positively associated with perceived stress and sadness and negatively associated with positive affect at small effect sizes (accounting for 0.2\u20132.4% of variance; p\u2010fdr: 0.0051\u20130.1900). Perceived stress was uniquely associated with RMFG thickness after accounting for depression\u2010related phenotypes. Further, among siblings discordant for perceived stress, those reporting higher perceived stress had increased RMFG thickness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>). Lastly, RMFG thickness, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and positive affect were all significantly heritable, with evidence of shared genetic and environmental contributions between self\u2010report measures. Stress perception and depression share common genetic, environmental, and neural correlates. Variability in RMFG cortical thickness may play a role in stress\u2010related depression, although effects may be small in magnitude. Prospective studies are required to examine whether variability in RMFG thickness may function as a risk factor for stress exposure and\/or perception, and\/or arises as a consequence of these phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T15:36:55Z","timestamp":1501169815000},"page":"781-789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Perceived stress is associated with increased rostral middle frontal gyrus cortical thickness: a family\u2010based and discordant\u2010sibling investigation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. J.","family":"Michalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAINLab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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