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Identifying and reversing addiction\u2010relevant plasticity is seen as a potential point of pharmacotherapeutic intervention in drug\u2010addicted individuals. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the actions of drugs of abuse in the brain, this information has thus far yielded few novel treatment options addicted individuals. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can each regulate the translation of hundreds to thousands of messenger RNAs. The highly pleiotropic nature of miRNAs has focused attention on their contribution to addiction\u2010relevant structural and functional plasticity in the brain and their potential utility as targets for medications development. 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