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To identify the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms, we investigated the roles of dopamine receptors in various aspects of courtship behavior in <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>. Here, we report that the D1 dopamine receptor dDA1 regulates courtship drive in na\u00efve males. The wild\u2010type na\u00efve males actively courted females regardless their appearance or mating status. On the contrary, the dDA1 mutant (<jats:italic>dumb<\/jats:italic>) males exhibited substantially reduced courtship toward less appealing females including decapitated, leg\u2010less and mated females. The <jats:italic>dumb<\/jats:italic> male's reduced courtship activity was due to delay in courtship initiation and prolonged intervals between courtship bouts. The dampened courtship drive of <jats:italic>dumb<\/jats:italic> males was rescued by reinstated dDA1 expression in the mushroom body \u03b1\/\u03b2 and \u03b3 neurons but not \u03b1\/\u03b2 or \u03b3 neurons alone, which is distinct from the previously characterized dDA1 functions in experience\u2010dependent courtship or other learning and memory processes. We also found that the dopamine receptors dDA1, DAMB and dD2R are dispensable for associative memory formation and short\u2010term memory of conditioned courtship, thus courtship motivation and associative courtship learning and memory are regulated by distinct neuromodulatory mechanisms. Taken together, our study narrows the gap in the knowledge of the mechanism that dopamine regulates male courtship behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1505307765000},"page":"158-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The mushroom body D1 dopamine receptor controls innate courtship drive"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromodulation Disorders Cluster at Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso  El Paso TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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