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In this study, we utilized a polyinosine\u2010polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) MIA model to test visual pairwise discrimination (PD) and reversal learning (RL) in mice using touchscreen technology. Significant sex differences emerged in that MIA reduced the latency for males to make a correct choice in the PD task while females reached criterion sooner, made fewer errors, and utilized fewer correction trials in RL compared to saline controls. These surprising improvements were accompanied by the sex\u2010specific upregulation of several genes critical to cognitive functioning, indicative of compensatory plasticity in response to MIA. In contrast, when exposed to a 'two\u2010hit' stress model (MIA\u2009+\u2009loss of the social component of environmental enrichment [EE]), mice did not display anhedonia but required an increased number of PD and RL correction trials. These animals also had significant reductions of CamK2a mRNA in the prefrontal cortex. Appropriate functioning of synaptic plasticity, via mediators such as this protein kinase and others, are critical for behavioral flexibility. Although EE has been implicated in, delaying the appearance of symptoms associated with certain brain disorders, these findings are in line with evidence that it also makes individuals more vulnerable to its loss. Overall, with the right 'dose', early life stress exposure can confer at least some functional advantages, which are lost when the number or magnitude of these exposures become too great.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T04:30:53Z","timestamp":1622435453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hidden talents: Poly (I:C)\u2010induced maternal immune activation improves mouse visual discrimination performance and reversal learning in a sex\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts &amp; Sciences, Health Psychology Program Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieu","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts &amp; 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