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As stress can also be conceptualized as environmental exposure, controlled gene\u2013environment interaction (GxE) studies with an in\u2010depth phenotyping may help to unravel mechanisms underlying the interplay between genetic factors and stress. In a prospective\u2010longitudinal quasi\u2010experimental study, we investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for depression (DEP\u2010PGS) and neuroticism (NEU\u2010PGS), respectively, were associated with responses to chronic stress in daily life. We examined law students (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009432) over 13\u2009months. Participants in the stress group experienced a long\u2010lasting stress phase, namely the preparation for the first state examination for law students. The control group consisted of law students without particular stress exposure. In the present manuscript, we analyzed perceived stress levels assessed at high frequency and in an ecologically valid manner by ambulatory assessments as well as depression symptoms and two parameters of the cortisol awakening response. The latter was only assessed in a subsample (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009196). No associations between the DEP\u2010PGS and stress\u2010related variables were found. However, for the NEU\u2010PGS we found a significant GxE effect. Only in individuals experiencing academic stress a higher PGS for neuroticism predicted stronger increases of perceived stress levels until the exam. At baseline, a higher NEU\u2010PGS was associated with higher perceived stress levels in both groups. Despite the small sample size, we provide preliminary evidence that the genetic disposition for neuroticism is associated with stress level increases in daily life during a long\u2010lasting stress period.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T02:26:16Z","timestamp":1698200776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association of polygenic scores for depression and neuroticism with perceived stress in daily life during a long\u2010lasting stress period"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Peter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology University of Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Giglberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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