{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:47:26Z","timestamp":1788360446803,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA013162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA013162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genes Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an ongoing public health concern in the United States, and relatively little work has addressed how genetic background contributes to OUD. Understanding the genetic contributions to oxycodone\u2010induced analgesia could provide insight into the early stages of OUD development. Here, we present findings from a behavioral phenotyping protocol using several inbred strains from the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel. Our behavioral protocol included a modified \u201cup\u2010down\u201d von Frey procedure to measure inherent strain differences in the sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus on the hindpaw. We also performed the tail immersion assay, which measures the latency to display tail withdrawal in response to a hot water bath. Initial withdrawal thresholds were taken in drug\u2010na\u00efve animals to record baseline thermal sensitivity across the strains. Oxycodone\u2010induced analgesia was measured after administration of oxycodone over the course of 2\u2009h. Both mechanical and thermal sensitivity are shaped by genetic factors and display moderate heritability (<jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.23\u20130.40). All strains displayed oxycodone\u2010induced analgesia that peaked at 15\u201330\u2009min and returned to baseline by 2\u2009h. There were significant differences between the strains in the magnitude and duration of their analgesic response to oxycodone, although the heritability estimates were quite modest (<jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.10\u20130.15). These data demonstrate that genetic background confers differences in mechanical sensitivity, thermal sensitivity, and oxycodone\u2010induced analgesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T11:38:55Z","timestamp":1712749135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic background and sex influence somatosensory sensitivity and oxycodone analgesia in the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eamonn P.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. O.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. H.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Kwilasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0388-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marissa A.","family":"Ehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder  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