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A linear mixed model increased statistical power for the analysis of the longitudinal behavioral data, which was acquired over 10\u2009days. A total of 145 loci were identified for saline compared to 17 for the corresponding cocaine GWAS. Only one locus overlapped. Transcriptome\u2010wide association studies (TWASs) using RNA\u2010Seq data from the nucleus accumbens and medial frontal cortex identified\n                    <jats:italic>5031434O11Rik<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Zfp60<\/jats:italic>\n                    as significant for saline self\u2010administration. Two other genes,\n                    <jats:italic>Myh4<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Npc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were nominated based on proximity to loci for multiple endpoints or a\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus regulating expression. All four genes have previously been implicated in locomotor activity, despite the absence of a strong relationship between saline taking and distance traveled in the open field. Our results indicate a distinct genetic basis for saline and cocaine self\u2010administration, and suggest some common genes for saline self\u2010administration and locomotor activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:40:44Z","timestamp":1750185644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differing Genetics of Saline and Cocaine Self\u2010Administration in the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Arshad H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared 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