{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:18:36Z","timestamp":1790702316273,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mercury sulfides (cinnabar and metacinnabar) are the main ores of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>g and are relatively stable under oxic conditions (K<jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221254<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>\u221252<\/jats:sup>, respectively). However, until now their stability in the presence of micro\u2010organisms inhabiting acid mine drainage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content>) systems was unknown. We tested the effects of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content> microbial community from the inoperative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>g mine at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ew <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>dria, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>, present in sediments of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content> settling pond adjacent to the main waste pile and in a microbial biofilm on the surface of this pond, on the solubility of crystalline HgS. A 16S r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene clone library revealed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMD<\/jats:styled-content> microbial community was dominated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>e\u2010oxidizing (orders <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>erritrophicales and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>allionellas) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010oxidizing bacteria (<jats:italic>Thiomonas sp<\/jats:italic>.), with smaller amounts (\u22646%) being comprised of the orders Xanthomondales and Rhodospirillales. Though the order Ferritrophicales dominate the 16S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> clones (&gt;60%), q<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> results of the microbial community indicate that the <jats:italic>Thiomonas sp<\/jats:italic>. represents ~55% of the total micro\u2010organisms in the top 1\u00a0cm of the AMD microbial community. Although supersaturated with respect to cinnabar and metacinnabar, microcosms inoculated with the AMD microbial community were capable of releasing significantly more Hg into solution compared to inactivated or abiotic controls. Four different Hg\u2010containing materials were tested for bacterially enhanced HgS dissolution: pure cinnabar, pure metacinnabar, mine tailings, and calcine material (processed ore). In the microcosm with metacinnabar, the presence of the AMD microbial community resulted in an increase of dissolved Hg concentrations up to 500\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> during the first 30\u00a0days of incubation. In abiotic control microcosms, dissolved Hg concentrations did not increase above 100\u00a0ng\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. When Hg concentrations were below 50\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup>, the Fe\u2010oxidizing bacteria in the AMD microbial community were still capable of oxidizing Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the AMD solution, whereas concentrations above 50\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> resulted in inhibition of microbial iron oxidation. Our experiments show that the AMD microbial community contributes to the dissolution of mercury sulfide minerals. These findings have major implications for risk assessment and future management of inoperative Hg mines worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T04:41:21Z","timestamp":1384404081000},"page":"20-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Microbially enhanced dissolution of <scp>H<\/scp>g<scp>S<\/scp> in an acid mine drainage system in the <scp>C<\/scp>alifornia <scp>C<\/scp>oast <scp>R<\/scp>ange"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"A. D.","family":"Jew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surface &amp; Aqueous Geochemistry Group Department of Geological &amp; Environmental Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. F.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Geoscience Eberhard KarlsUniversity of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Rytuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineral Resources Program U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kappler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Geoscience Eberhard KarlsUniversity of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Spormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"G. 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