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These inclusions have generally been interpreted as hollow moulds or mummified remains coated or filled with carbonaceous material. Here, we provide the first report of calcified and silicified insects in amber from the mid\u2010Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber. Data from light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy\u2010dispersive and wavelength\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy (EDX and WDX), X\u2010ray micro\u2010computed tomography (Micro\u2010CT) and Raman spectroscopy show that these Kachin fossils owe their preservation to multiple diagenetic mineralization processes. The labile tissues (e.g. eyes, wings and trachea) mainly consist of calcite, chalcedony and quartz with minor amounts of carbonaceous material, pyrite, iron oxide and phyllosilicate minerals. Calcite, quartz and chalcedony also occur in cracks as void\u2010filling cements, indicating that the minerals formed from chemical species that entered the fossil inclusions through cracks in the resin. The results demonstrate that resin and amber are not always closed systems. Fluids (e.g. sediment pore water, diagenetic fluid and ground water) at different burial stages have chances to interact with amber throughout its geological history and affect the preservational quality and morphological fidelity of its fossil inclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T05:31:10Z","timestamp":1645767070000},"page":"363-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Widespread mineralization of soft\u2010bodied insects in Cretaceous amber"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Section Palaeontology Institute of Geosciences Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Tomaschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Geochemistry\/Petrology Institute of Geosciences Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Drew Muscente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology Cornell College  Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changtai","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thet Tin","family":"Nyunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Myanmar Gems Museum Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation  Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WITec GmbH  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology and Paleontology Linyi University  Linyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"L\u00f6nartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Geochemistry\/Petrology Institute of Geosciences Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK\u20106): Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH  J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"M\u00e4hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Palaeontology Institute of Geosciences Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Bonn 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Gda\u0144sk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes","family":"Rust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Palaeontology Institute of Geosciences Rheinische Friedrich\u2010Wilhelms\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.12.4110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187631298X00131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08912963.2019.1699921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"REM\u2010Analysen an einer pyritisierten Ameise aus Baltischen Bernstein","volume":"133","author":"Baroni\u2010Urbani C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stuttgarter Beitr\u00e4ge Zur Naturkunde Serie 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