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Their high iron requirement was presumably met by high levels of Fe(II) in the anoxic Archean environment. We <jats:italic>found that<\/jats:italic> many deeply branching Cyanobacteria, including two <jats:italic>Gloeobacter<\/jats:italic> and four <jats:italic>Pseudanabaena<\/jats:italic> spp., cannot synthesize the Fe(II) specific transporter, FeoB. Phylogenetic and relaxed molecular clock analyses find evidence that FeoB and the Fe(III) transporters, cFTR1 and FutB, were present in Proterozoic, but not earlier Archaean lineages of Cyanobacteria. Furthermore <jats:italic>Pseudanabaena<\/jats:italic> sp. PCC7367, an early diverging marine, benthic strain grown under simulated Archean conditions, constitutively expressed <jats:italic>cftr1<\/jats:italic>, even after the addition of Fe(II). Our genetic profiling suggests that, prior to the GOE, ancestral Cyanobacteria may have utilized alternative metal iron transporters such as ZIP, NRAMP, or FicI, and possibly also scavenged exogenous siderophore bound Fe(III), as they only acquired the necessary Fe(II) and Fe(III) transporters during the Proterozoic. Given that Cyanobacteria arose 3.3\u20133.6 billion years ago, it is possible that limitations in iron uptake may have contributed to the delay in their expansion during the Archean, and hence the oxygenation of the early Earth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T10:00:05Z","timestamp":1659175205000},"page":"776-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["On the trail of iron uptake in ancestral Cyanobacteria on early Earth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tristan C.","family":"Enzingm\u00fcller\u2010Bleyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kaiserslautern  Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne S.","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St. Andrews  St. Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-1842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim J.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kaiserslautern  Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina W.","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kaiserslautern  Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Baracaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Frankenberg\u2010Dinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kaiserslautern  Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Gehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Kaiserslautern  Kaiserslautern Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)90193-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00160485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md17050281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.111721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01245-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.59.10.3239-3244.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011683d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24396-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900885106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020218608266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-009-0482-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.33.092203.122711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax1420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912491107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605798103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"20210675","article-title":"The Archean origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and extant cyanobacterial lineages","volume":"288","author":"Fournier G. 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