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Increasingly, however, studies indicate that some NIFs show no robust evidence of glacial association. Many aspects of non\u2010glacial NIF genesis, including the paleo\u2010environmental setting, Fe(II) source, and oxidation mechanisms, are poorly understood. Here, we present a detailed case study of the Jiapigou NIF, a major non\u2010glacial NIF within a Neoproterozoic volcano\u2010sedimentary sequence in North Qilian, northwestern China. New U\u2013Pb geochronological data place the depositional age of the Jiapigou NIF at ~600\u2009Ma. Petrographic and geochemical evidence supports its identification as a primary chemical sediment with significant detrital input. Major and trace element concentrations, REE\u2009+\u2009Y systematics, and \u03b5<jats:sub>Nd<\/jats:sub>(t) values indicate that iron was sourced from mixed seawater and hydrothermal fluids. Iron isotopic values (\u03b4<jats:sup>56<\/jats:sup>Fe\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.04\u2030\u20131.43\u2030) are indicative of partial oxidation of an Fe(II) reservoir. We infer that the Jiapigou NIF was deposited in a redox stratified water column, where hydrothermally sourced Fe(II)\u2010rich fluids underwent oxidation under suboxic conditions. Lastly, the Jiapigou NIF has strong phosphorous enrichments, which in other iron formations are typically interpreted as signals for high marine phosphate concentrations. This suggests that oceanic phosphorus concentrations could have been enriched throughout the Neoproterozoic, as opposed to simply during glacial intervals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T19:15:20Z","timestamp":1660331720000},"page":"44-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The deposition and significance of an Ediacaran non\u2010glacial iron formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, School of Earth Science and Resourses Chang'an University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"Xi'an Key Laboratory for Mineralization and Efficient Utilization of Critical Metals  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, School of Earth Science and Resourses Chang'an University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory &amp; Technology of Critical Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, School of Earth Science and Resourses Chang'an University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"Xi'an Key Laboratory for Mineralization and Efficient Utilization of Critical Metals  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongsheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info\u2010Physics Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory &amp; Technology of Critical Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Reershemius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah J.","family":"Planavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijg.2012.35108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4977.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precamres.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e11-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precamres.2011.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-9268(95)00087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Yttrium and holmium in South Pacific seawater. 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