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These fossils are thought to have been preserved via pyritic \u201cdeath masks\u201d mediated by seafloor microbial mats, though little about the chemical constraints of this preservational pathway is known, in particular surrounding the role of bioavailable iron in death mask formation and preservational fidelity. In this study, we perform decay experiments on both diploblastic and triploblastic animals under a range of simulated sedimentary iron concentrations, in order to characterize the role of iron in the preservation of Ediacaran organisms. After 28\u2009days of decay, we demonstrate the first convincing \u201cdeath masks\u201d produced under experimental laboratory conditions composed of iron sulfide and probable oxide veneers. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the abundance of iron in experiments is not the sole control on death mask formation, but also tissue histology and the availability of nucleation sites. This illustrates that Ediacaran preservation via microbial death masks need not be a \u201cperfect storm\u201d of paleoenvironmental porewater and sediment chemistry, but instead can occur under a range of conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T07:40:26Z","timestamp":1677483626000},"page":"421-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The role of iron in the formation of Ediacaran \u2018death masks\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandt M.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4726-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Schiffbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"X\u2010ray Microanalysis Core Facility University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam F.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon A. 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