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Previous studies found both strong positive and negative grazing effects on soil organic carbon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>) but explanations for this variation are poorly developed. Expanding on previous reviews, we performed a multifactorial meta\u2010analysis of grazer effects on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>density on 47 independent experimental contrasts from 17 studies. We explicitly tested hypotheses that grazer effects would shift from negative to positive with decreasing precipitation, increasing fineness of soil texture, transition from dominant grass species with C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>to C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>photosynthesis, and decreasing grazing intensity, after controlling for study duration and sampling depth. The six variables of soil texture, precipitation, grass type, grazing intensity, study duration, and sampling depth explained 85% of a large variation (\u00b1150\u00a0g\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\u00a0yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in grazing effects, and the best model included significant interactions between precipitation and soil texture (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), grass type, and grazing intensity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012), and study duration and soil sampling depth (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020). Specifically, an increase in mean annual precipitation of 600\u00a0mm resulted in a 24%<jats:italic>decrease<\/jats:italic>in grazer effect size on finer textured soils, while on sandy soils the same increase in precipitation produced a 22%<jats:italic>increase<\/jats:italic>in grazer effect on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>. Increasing grazing intensity increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>by 6\u20137% on C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010dominated and C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2013C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>mixed grasslands, but decreased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>by an average 18% in C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2010dominated grasslands. We discovered these patterns despite a lack of studies in natural, wildlife\u2010dominated ecosystems, and tropical grasslands. Our results, which suggest a future focus on why C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>vs. C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010dominated grasslands differ so strongly in their response of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>to grazing, show that grazer effects on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOC<\/jats:styled-content>are highly context\u2010specific and imply that grazers in different regions might be managed differently to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,20]],"date-time":"2013-01-20T08:40:37Z","timestamp":1358671237000},"page":"1347-1357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":732,"title":["Effects of grazing on grassland soil carbon: a global review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"McSherry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Syracuse University 107 College Place Syracuse NY 13244 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