{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1782937767087,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["244118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["244118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["331896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["331896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ecosystems are under increasing pressure from human activities, with land use and land\u2010use change at the forefront of the drivers that provoke global and regional biodiversity loss. The first step in addressing the challenge of how to reverse the negative outlook for the coming years starts with measuring environmental loss rates and assigning responsibilities. Pinpointing the global pressures on biodiversity is a task best addressed using holistic models such as Life Cycle Assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content> is the leading method for calculating cradle\u2010to\u2010grave environmental impacts of products and services; it is actively promoted by many public policies, and integrated as part of environmental information systems within private companies. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content> already deals with the potential biodiversity impacts of land use, but there are significant obstacles to overcome before its models grasp the full reach of the phenomena involved. In this review, we discuss some pressing issues that need to be addressed. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content> mainly introduces biodiversity as an endpoint category modeled as a loss in species richness due to the conversion and use of land over time and space. The functional and population effects on biodiversity are mostly absent due to the emphasis on species accumulation with limited geographic and taxonomical reach. Current land\u2010use modeling activities that use biodiversity indicators tend to oversimplify the real dynamics and complexity of the interactions of species among each other and with their habitats. To identify the main areas for improvement, we systematically reviewed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCA<\/jats:styled-content> studies on land use that had findings related to global change and conservation ecology. We provide suggestion as to how to address some of the issues raised. Our overall objective was to encourage companies to monitor and take concrete steps to address the impacts of land use on biodiversity on a broader geographical scale and along increasingly globalized supply chains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T15:44:05Z","timestamp":1408549445000},"page":"32-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Assessing biodiversity loss due to land use with Life Cycle Assessment: are we there yet?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environment and Sustainability European Commission Joint Research Centre Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP270 Ispra I\u201021027 Italy"},{"name":"Department of Energy and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lennart Hjelms v\u00e4g, 9 Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo F.M.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology University of Antwerp Campus Drie Eiken Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk B\u20102610 Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole P.","family":"Ostermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environment and Sustainability European Commission Joint Research Centre Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP270 Ispra I\u201021027 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100126797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2255763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-012-0412-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es400592q"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Methode zur Integration der Naturraum\u2010Inanpruchnahme in \u00d6kobilanzen","author":"Baitz M","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Occupation of Urban Habitats by Birds in Papua New Guinea","author":"Bell HL","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/100084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1999.98338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2010.01218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1478947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0628-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es101444k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0243.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2009.01396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-160X(01)00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"ReCiPe 2008: A Life Cycle Impact Assessment method which Comprises Harmonised Category Indicators at the Midpoint and the Endpoint Level","author":"Schryver A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-010-0205-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12224-008-9014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2008.02038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12224-008-9019-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2007.0906-7590.05171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(03)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Life Cycle Assessment: A Guide to Approaches, Experiences and Information Sources","author":"EEA","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2008.05505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4797(03)00014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-005-2631-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Environmental Surrogates and Modelling Techniques in Predicting the Distribution of Biological Diversity","author":"Ferrier S","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-010-0199-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-010-0170-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0499:PFBCPC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2002.00342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[1185:SDPDFS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","volume-title":"ISO 14040 \u2013 Environmental Management \u2013 Life Cycle Assessment \u2013 Goal and Scope \u2013 Definition and Inventory Analysis","author":"ISO","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"ISO 14044 \u2013 Environmental Management \u2013 Life Cycle Assessment \u2013 Requirements and Guidelines","author":"ISO","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","volume-title":"M\u00e9thode D'\u00e9valuation de L'impact des Activit\u00e9s Agricoles sur la Biodiversit\u00e9 Dans les Bilans \u00c9cologiques \u2013 SALCA\u2010BD","author":"Jeanneret P","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-6526(00)00026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","volume-title":"Land Use in Product Life Cycles and Ecosystem Quality","author":"Koellner T","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0580-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-006-0292-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-012-0392-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0579-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2010.01464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"749","article-title":"The flora of German cities is naturally species rich","volume":"6","author":"Kuhn I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1997.96319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-6526(00)00025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1926-2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","volume-title":"Measuring Biological Diversity","author":"Magurran AE","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02704962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","volume-title":"Ecosystems and Human Well\u2010Being: Biodiversity Synthesis of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment","author":"MEA","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1065\/lca2007.04.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1065\/lca2006.05.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2012.02760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","volume-title":"Land use the Main Threat to Species: How to Include Land use in LCA","author":"M\u00fcller\u2010Wenk R","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2011.01711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(01)00158-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es403159t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Ecology","author":"Odum EP","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009996332614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","first-page":"338","article-title":"The ecology of lyme\u2010disease risk: complex interactions between seemingly unconnected phenomena determine risk of exposure to this expanding disease","volume":"85","author":"Ostfeld RS","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-010-9889-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2012.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-008-0009-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02704961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1466-822X.2003.00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12080-008-0031-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-013-0578-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371065a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2003.00805.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2011.02652.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2005.0906-7590.04273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Die heutige potentielle nat\u00fcrliche Vegetation als Gegenstand der Vegetationskartierung","volume":"13","author":"T\u00fcxen R","year":"1956","journal-title":"Angewandte Pflanzensoziologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","volume-title":"The Future we Want","author":"UN","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Spatially differentiated examination of biodiversity in LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) on national scale exemplified by biofuels","volume":"62","author":"Urban B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Landbauforschung V\u00f6lkenrode"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-1182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-6526(02)00022-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","unstructured":"WeidemaBP LindeijerE(2001)Physical impacts of land use in product Life Cycle Assessment: final report of the EURENVIRONLCAGAPS sub\u2010project on land use. IPL\u2010033\u201001. EUREKA Project EU\u20101296 Lyngby."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1943563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/B580310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1478945"}],"container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fgcb.12709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.12709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/gcb.12709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/gcb.12709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T16:39:31Z","timestamp":1693240771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/gcb.12709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/gcb.12709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.12709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1354-1013","1365-2486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1354-1013","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]}}}