{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:21:26Z","timestamp":1791926486938,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX09AM85G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX09AM85G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phytoplankton photosynthesis is often inhibited by ultraviolet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>) and intense photosynthetically available radiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>), but the effects on ocean productivity have received little consideration aside from polar areas subject to periodic enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010B due to depletion of stratospheric ozone. A more comprehensive assessment is important for understanding the contribution of phytoplankton production to the global carbon budget, present and future. Here, we consider responses in the temperate and tropical mid\u2010ocean regions typically dominated by picophytoplankton including the prokaryotic lineages, <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>. Spectral models of photosynthetic response for each lineage were constructed using model strains cultured at different growth irradiances and temperatures. In the model, inhibition becomes more severe once exposure exceeds a threshold (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) related to repair capacity. Model parameters are presented for <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic> adding to those previously presented for <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>. The models were applied to estimate midday, water column photosynthesis based on an atmospheric model of spectral radiation, satellite\u2010derived spectral water transparency and temperature. Based on a global survey of inhibitory exposure severity, a full\u2010latitude section of the mid\u2010Pacific and near\u2010equatorial region of the east Pacific were identified as representative regions for prediction of responses over the entire water column. Comparing predictions integrated over the water column including versus excluding inhibition, production was 7\u201328% lower due to inhibition depending on strain and site conditions. Inhibition was consistently greater for <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic> compared to two strains of <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>. Considering only the surface mixed layer, production was inhibited 7\u201373%. On average, including inhibition lowered estimates of midday productivity around 20% for the modeled region of the Pacific with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> accounting for two\u2010thirds of the reduction. In contrast, most other productivity models either ignore inhibition or only include <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content> inhibition. Incorporation of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> model responses into an existing spectral model of depth\u2010integrated, daily production will enable efficient global predictions of picophytoplankton productivity including inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,14]],"date-time":"2016-05-14T06:44:57Z","timestamp":1463208297000},"page":"293-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Inhibition by ultraviolet and photosynthetically available radiation lowers model estimates of depth\u2010integrated picophytoplankton photosynthesis: global predictions for <i>Prochlorococcus<\/i> and <i>Synechococcus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Neale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD 21037 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy Washburn University 1700 SW College Ave Topeka KS 66604 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps114001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JC001226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1997.42.7.1479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2006.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.258.5082.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GB003914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea","volume":"70","author":"Eppley RW","year":"1972","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1584","article-title":"SeaUV and SeaUVC: algorithms for the retrieval of UV\/Visible diffuse attenuation coefficients from ocean color","volume":"112","author":"Fichot CG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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