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Whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> is an appropriate scaling parameter for daytime growing season energy budget, surface conductance (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>), water\u2010 and light\u2010use efficiency and surface\u2013atmosphere coupling of European boreal coniferous forests was explored using eddy\u2010covariance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>) energy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fluxes. The observed scaling relations were then explained using a biophysical multilayer soil\u2013vegetation\u2013atmosphere transfer model as well as by a bulk <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> representation. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> variations significantly alter radiation regime, within\u2010canopy microclimate, sink\/source distributions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and heat, and forest floor fluxes. The contribution of forest floor to ecosystem\u2010scale energy exchange is shown to decrease asymptotically with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content>, as expected. Compared with other energy budget components, dry\u2010canopy evapotranspiration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content>) was reasonably \u2018conservative\u2019 over the studied <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> range 0.5\u20137.0\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> experienced a minimum in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> range 1\u20132\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> caused by opposing nonproportional response of stomatally controlled transpiration and \u2018free\u2019 forest floor evaporation to changes in canopy density. The young forests had strongest coupling with the atmosphere while stomatal control of energy partitioning was strongest in relatively sparse (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> ~2\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) pine stands growing on mineral soils. The data analysis and model results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> may be an effective scaling parameter for net radiation and its partitioning but only in sparse stands (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> &lt;3\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>). This finding emphasizes the significance of stand\u2010replacing disturbances on the controls of surface energy exchange. In denser forests, any <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> dependency varies with physiological traits such as light\u2010saturated water\u2010use efficiency. The results suggest that incorporating species traits and site conditions are necessary when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAI<\/jats:styled-content> is used in upscaling energy exchanges of boreal coniferous forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,10]],"date-time":"2016-09-10T14:04:42Z","timestamp":1473516282000},"page":"4096-4113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Do the energy fluxes and surface conductance of boreal coniferous forests in Europe scale with leaf area?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Samuli","family":"Launiainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature Resources Institute Finland Environmental Impacts of Production Jokiniemenkuja 1 Vantaa Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel G.","family":"Katul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University PO Box 90328 Duke University Durham NC 27708\u20100328 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Kolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Helsinki PO Box 64 00140 University of Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Lindroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Lund University S\u00f6lvegatan 12 Lund 223 62 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalea","family":"Lohila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute P.O. 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