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We evaluated 6\u00a0years (2007\u20132012) of flux\u2010derived GPP<\/jats:styled-content> data from the Prairie Heating and CO<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> Enrichment (PHACE<\/jats:styled-content>) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA<\/jats:styled-content>. The GPP<\/jats:styled-content> data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems. The model was extended by modeling maximum photosynthetic rate (A<\/jats:italic>max<\/jats:sub>) and light\u2010use efficiency (Q<\/jats:italic>) as functions of soil water, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, vegetation greenness, and nitrogen at current and antecedent (past) timescales. The model fits the observed GPP<\/jats:styled-content> well (R<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.79), which was confirmed by other model performance checks that compared different variants of the model (e.g. with and without antecedent effects). Stimulation of cumulative 6\u2010year GPP<\/jats:styled-content> by warming (29%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and eCO<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> (26%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.07) was primarily driven by enhanced C uptake during spring (129%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and fall (124%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), respectively, which was consistent across years. Antecedent air temperature (Tairant<\/jats:sub>) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD<\/jats:styled-content>ant<\/jats:sub>) effects on A<\/jats:italic>max<\/jats:sub> (over the past 3\u20134\u00a0days and 1\u20133\u00a0days, respectively) were the most significant predictors of temporal variability in GPP<\/jats:styled-content> among most treatments. The importance of VPD<\/jats:styled-content>ant<\/jats:sub> suggests that atmospheric drought is important for predicting GPP<\/jats:styled-content> under current and future climate; we highlight the need for experimental studies to identify the mechanisms underlying such antecedent effects. Finally, posterior estimates of cumulative GPP<\/jats:styled-content> under control and eCO<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:sub> treatments were tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM<\/jats:styled-content>s). The narrow uncertainties of these data\u2010driven GPP<\/jats:styled-content> estimates suggest that they could be useful semi\u2010independent data streams for validating TBMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T23:22:42Z","timestamp":1482189762000},"page":"3092-3106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Gross primary production responses to warming, elevated CO<\/scp>2<\/sub>, and irrigation: quantifying the drivers of ecosystem physiology in a semiarid grassland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7003-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiona","family":"Ogle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics, Computing, 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