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Previous tundra research on the impacts of deepened snow has generally been of short duration. Here, we report relatively long\u2010term (7\u20139\u00a0years) effects of experimentally deepened snow on plant community structure, net ecosystem\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exchange (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and soil biogeochemistry in Canadian Low Arctic mesic shrub tundra. The snowfence treatment enhanced snow depth from 0.3 to ~1\u00a0m, increasing winter soil temperatures by ~3\u00b0C, but with no effect on summer soil temperature, moisture, or thaw depth. Nevertheless, shoot biomass of the evergreen shrub\n                    <jats:italic>Rhododendron subarcticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was near\u2010doubled by the snowfences, leading to a 52% increase in aboveground vascular plant biomass. Additionally, summertime\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    rates, measured in collars containing similar plant biomass across treatments, were consistently reduced ~30% in the snowfenced plots due to decreased ecosystem respiration rather than increased gross photosynthesis. Phosphate in the organic soil layer (0\u201310\u00a0cm depth) and nitrate in the mineral soil layer (15\u201325\u00a0cm depth) were substantially reduced within the snowfences (47\u201370 and 43%\u201373% reductions, respectively, across sampling times). Finally, the snowfences tended (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\n                    <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    .08) to reduce mineral soil layer C% by 40%, but with considerable within\u2010 and among plot variation due to cryoturbation across the landscape. These results indicate that enhanced snow accumulation is likely to further increase dominance of\n                    <jats:italic>R.\u00a0subarcticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in its favored locations, and reduce summertime respiration and soil biogeochemical pools. Since evergreens are relatively slow growing and of low stature, their increased dominance may constrain vegetation\u2010related feedbacks to climate change. We found no evidence that deepened snow promoted deciduous shrub growth in mesic tundra, and conclude that the relatively strong\n                    <jats:italic>R.\u00a0subarcticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    response to snow accumulation may explain the extensive spatial variability in observed circumpolar patterns of evergreen and deciduous shrub growth over the past 30\u00a0years.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T07:06:41Z","timestamp":1517987201000},"page":"3508-3525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Long\u2010term deepened snow promotes tundra evergreen shrub growth and summertime ecosystem net\n                    <scp>CO<\/scp>\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    gain but reduces soil carbon and nutrient pools"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper T.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada"},{"name":"Uni Research Climate Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Lafreni\u00e9re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Queen's University Kingston ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory H. R.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Grogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in ecological research","author":"Aerts R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GB003667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1657\/1523-0430(06-099)[BORNER]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(85)90144-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-8198.2011.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-009-9396-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2007.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-010-9426-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-011-0212-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.06022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1939337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b97397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00060a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"Christiansen C. 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