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While such reductions are often presumed to be greatest in semi\u2010arid forests that experience widespread tree mortality, the consequences of drought may also be important in temperate mesic forests of Eastern North America (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENA<\/jats:styled-content>) if tree growth is significantly curtailed by drought. Investigations of the environmental conditions that determine drought sensitivity are critically needed to accurately predict ecosystem feedbacks to climate change. We matched site factors with the growth responses to drought of 10,753 trees across mesic forests of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENA<\/jats:styled-content>, representing 24 species and 346 stands, to determine the broad\u2010scale drivers of drought sensitivity for the dominant trees in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENA<\/jats:styled-content>. Here we show that two factors\u2014the timing of drought, and the atmospheric demand for water (i.e., local potential evapotranspiration;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014are stronger drivers of drought sensitivity than soil and stand characteristics. Drought\u2010induced reductions in tree growth were greatest when the droughts occurred during early\u2010season peaks in radial growth, especially for trees growing in the warmest, driest regions (i.e., highest<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>). Further, mean species trait values (rooting depth and \u03c8<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) were poor predictors of drought sensitivity, as intraspecific variation in sensitivity was equal to or greater than interspecific variation in 17 of 24 species. From a general circulation model ensemble, we find that future increases in early\u2010season<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PET<\/jats:styled-content>may exacerbate these effects, and potentially offset gains in C uptake and storage in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENA<\/jats:styled-content>owing to other global change factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T18:59:03Z","timestamp":1519239543000},"page":"2339-2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["Drought timing and local climate determine the sensitivity of eastern temperate forests to drought"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7841-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"D'Orangeville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00c9tude de la For\u00eat Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kneeshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00c9tude de la For\u00eat Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pederson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Duchesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats, de la Faune et des Parcs du Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec City QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ouranos Climate Change Consortium Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Houle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re Minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats, de la Faune et des Parcs du Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec City QC Canada"},{"name":"Ouranos Climate Change Consortium Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Arseneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski Rimouski QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin M.","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management SUNY\u2010ESF Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lamont\u2010Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Druckenbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Rider University Lawrenceville NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Fraver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forest Resources University of Maine Orono ME USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Halman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vermont Department of Forests, Parks &amp; 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