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As a result, the interspecific differences in spring phenology (IDSP) are expected to change with climate warming, which may, in turn, induce negative or positive ecological consequences. However, the temporal change of IDSP at large spatiotemporal scales remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed long\u2010term in\u2010situ observations (1951\u20132016) of six, coexisting temperate tree species from 305 sites across Central Europe and found that phenological ranking did not change when comparing the rapidly warming period 1984\u20132016 to the marginally warming period 1951\u20131983. However, the advance of leaf flushing was significantly larger in early\u2010flushing species EFS (6.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0days) than in late\u2010flushing species LFS (5.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0days) between the two periods, indicating extended IDSP. This IDSP extension could not be explained by differences in temperature sensitivity between EFS and LFS; however, climatic warming\u2010induced heat accumulation effects on leaf flushing, which were linked to a greater heat requirement and higher photoperiod sensitivity in LFS, drove the shifts in IDSP. Continued climate warming is expected to further extend IDSP across temperate trees, with associated implications for ecosystem function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T22:47:38Z","timestamp":1596667658000},"page":"5979-5987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Climate warming increases spring phenological differences among temperate trees"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongshuo 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