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Using soils collected from temperate forests across the eastern United States, we show microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling are structured, in large part, by the composition of overstory trees, leading to predictable N\u2010cycling syndromes, with consequences for emissions of volatile nitrogen oxides to air. Trees associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote soil microbial communities with higher N\u2010cycle potential and activity, relative to microbial communities in soils dominated by trees associating with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Metagenomic analysis and gene expression studies reveal a 5 and 3.5 times greater estimated N\u2010cycle gene and transcript copy numbers, respectively, in AM relative to ECM soil. Furthermore, we observe a 60% linear decrease in volatile reactive nitrogen gas flux (NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2261\u00a0NO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, HONO) as ECM tree abundance increases. Compared to oxic conditions, gas flux potential of N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and NO increase significantly under anoxic conditions for AM soil (30\u2010 and 120\u2010fold increase), but not ECM soil\u2014likely owing to small concentrations of available substrate (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/gcb15439-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:13541013:media:gcb15439:gcb15439-math-0001\"\/>) in ECM soil. Linear mixed effects modeling shows that ECM tree abundance, microbial process rates, and geographic location are primarily responsible for variation in peak potential NO<jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub> flux. Given that nearly all tree species associate with either AM or ECM fungi, our results indicate that the consequences of tree species shifts associated with global change may have predictable consequences for soil N cycling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1608061182000},"page":"1068-1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Nitrogen cycling microbiomes are structured by plant mycorrhizal associations with consequences for nitrogen oxide fluxes in forests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Mushinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of Warwick Coventry UK"},{"name":"O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary C.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2574-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Raff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"},{"name":"Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3041-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally E.","family":"Pusede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas B.","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044452857-5.50023-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GB001811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0403-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"Variation in mycorrhizal hyphal production rather than turnover regulates standing fungal biomass in temperate hardwood forests","author":"Cheeke T. 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