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Although well\u2010designed NbS can deliver multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and researchers to consider the synergies and trade\u2010offs associated with NbS and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T09:01:28Z","timestamp":1612170088000},"page":"1518-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":897,"title":["Getting the message right on nature\u2010based solutions to climate change"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1880-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Seddon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pete","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Key","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9337-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Chausson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Girardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cabot Institute for the Environment School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilpi","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development Studies Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4316-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2010based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019\u00c9tude de la For\u00eat D\u00e9partement Des Sciences Biologiques Universit\u00e9 Du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldy021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-013-0284-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Allen M. 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