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Polar bears (<jats:italic>Ursus maritimus<\/jats:italic>) are vulnerable to the negative impacts of sea ice loss as a result of accelerated Arctic warming. While studies have associated changes in polar bear body condition, reproductive output, survival, and abundance to reductions in sea ice, no long\u2010term studies have documented the impact of climate change on pathogen exposure. We examined 425 serum samples from 381 adult polar bears, collected in western Hudson Bay (WH), Canada, for antibodies to selected pathogens across three time periods: 1986\u20131989 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0157), 1995\u20131998 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0159) and 2015\u20132017 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0109). We ran serological assays for antibodies to seven pathogens:<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>spp.,<jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Bordetella bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>, canine morbillivirus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). Seroprevalence of zoonotic parasites (<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>spp.) and bacterial pathogens (<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>) increased significantly between 1986\u20131989 and 1995\u20131998, ranging from +6.2% to +20.8%, with<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>continuing to increase into 2015\u20132017 (+25.8% overall). Seroprevalence of viral pathogens (CDV, CPV) and<jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>did not change with time.<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>seroprevalence was higher following wetter summers, while seroprevalences of<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>spp. and<jats:italic>B. bronchiseptica<\/jats:italic>were positively correlated with hotter summers. Seroprevalence of antibodies to<jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>increased following years polar bears spent more days on land, and polar bears previously captured in human settlements were more likely to be seropositive for<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>spp. As the Arctic has warmed due to climate change, zoonotic pathogen exposure in WH polar bears has increased, driven by numerous altered ecosystem pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T13:05:43Z","timestamp":1626959143000},"page":"4481-4497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Long\u2010term increases in pathogen seroprevalence in polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus<\/i>) influenced by climate change"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas W.","family":"Pilfold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Science and Wildlife Health San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Escondido CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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