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However, even during mass bleaching events, many corals resist bleaching despite exposure to abnormally high temperatures. While the physiological effects of bleaching have been well documented, the consequences of heat stress for bleaching\u2010resistant individuals are not well understood. In addition, much remains to be learned about how heat stress affects cellular\u2010level processes that may be overlooked at the organismal level, yet are crucial for coral performance in the short term and ecological success over the long term. Here we compared the physiological and cellular responses of bleaching\u2010resistant and bleaching\u2010susceptible corals throughout the 2019 marine heatwave in Hawai'i, a repeat bleaching event that occurred 4\u00a0years after the previous regional event. Relative bleaching susceptibility within species was consistent between the two bleaching events, yet corals of both resistant and susceptible phenotypes exhibited pronounced metabolic depression during the heatwave. At the cellular level, bleaching\u2010susceptible corals had lower intracellular pH than bleaching\u2010resistant corals at the peak of bleaching for both symbiont\u2010hosting and symbiont\u2010free cells, indicating greater disruption of acid\u2013base homeostasis in bleaching\u2010susceptible individuals. Notably, cells from both phenotypes were unable to compensate for experimentally induced cellular acidosis, indicating that acid\u2013base regulation was significantly impaired at the cellular level even in bleaching\u2010resistant corals and in cells containing symbionts. Thermal disturbances may thus have substantial ecological consequences, as even small reallocations in energy budgets to maintain homeostasis during stress can negatively affect fitness. These results suggest concern is warranted for corals coping with ocean acidification alongside ocean warming, as the feedback between temperature stress and acid\u2013base regulation may further exacerbate the physiological effects of climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T12:10:15Z","timestamp":1617106215000},"page":"2728-2743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Marine heatwaves depress metabolic activity and impair cellular acid\u2013base homeostasis in reef\u2010building corals regardless of bleaching susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Teegan","family":"Innis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7057-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luella","family":"Allen\u2010Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5235-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Sparagon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana S.","family":"Huffmyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program University of Hawai'i at M\u0101noa Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hollie M.","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie L.","family":"Barott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps237133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0046-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Bleaching resistant corals retain heat tolerance following acclimatization to environmentally distinct reefs","author":"Barott K. 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