{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:40:49Z","timestamp":1782740449665,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004890","name":"Wageningen University and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a \u2018win\u2010win\u2019 solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. The opportunity may be too good to be missed! Yet the tremendous complexity of the two issues at stake calls for a detailed and nuanced examination of any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re\u2010examine the benefits of global SOC sequestration strategies on both climate change mitigation and food production. While estimated contributions of SOC sequestration to climate change vary, almost none take SOC saturation into account. Here, we show that including saturation in estimations decreases any potential contribution of SOC sequestration to climate change mitigation by 53%\u201381% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta\u2010analyses, we found that observed yield effects of increasing SOC are inconsistent, ranging from negative to neutral to positive. We find that the promise of a win\u2010win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices are applied under specific conditions. Therefore, we argue that the existing knowledge base does not justify the current trend to set global agendas focusing first and foremost on SOC sequestration. Away from <jats:italic>climate\u2010smart soils<\/jats:italic>, we need a shift towards <jats:italic>soil\u2010smart agriculture<\/jats:italic>, adaptative and adapted to each local context, and where multiple soil functions are quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies for land sustainability to be maximised and agronomic requirements for food security to be fulfilled. This implies moving away from global targets for SOC in agricultural soils. SOC sequestration may occur along this pathway and contribute to climate change mitigation and should be regarded as a co\u2010benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T08:03:06Z","timestamp":1673856186000},"page":"2384-2398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5347-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Y. K.","family":"Moinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Biology Group Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8214-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renske","family":"Hijbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Production Systems Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef P.","family":"van Vuuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency  The Hague The Netherlands"},{"name":"Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-4652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken E.","family":"Giller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Production Systems Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2017.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018887\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815901115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475\u20102743.2011.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010020\u20100491\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010019\u20100431\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1989.03615995005300030029x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374\u2010017\u20101253\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2018.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102486.2011.02496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593\u2010016\u20100354\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4290(03)00074-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016\u20107061(97)00039\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). 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