{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:41:01Z","timestamp":1790818861576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201013\u2010BSV7\u20100018\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201013\u2010BSV7\u20100018\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004796","name":"Institut Polaire Fran\u00e7ais Paul Emile Victor","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Change Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Climate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts on the species that live there. The arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate areas may become a significant problem for these populations, but current observations of parasite presence often lack a historical reference of prior absence. Observations in the high Arctic of the seabird tick\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes uriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggested that this species expanded poleward in the last two decades in relation to climate change. As this tick can have a direct impact on the breeding success of its seabird hosts and vectors several pathogens, including Lyme disease spirochaetes, understanding its invasion dynamics is essential for predicting its impact on polar seabird populations. Here, we use population genetic data and host serology to test the hypothesis that\n                    <jats:italic>I. uriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    recently expanded into Svalbard. Both black\u2010legged kittiwakes (\n                    <jats:italic>Rissa tridactyla<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and thick\u2010billed murres (\n                    <jats:italic>Uria lomvia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were sampled for ticks and blood in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Ticks were genotyped using microsatellite markers and population genetic analyses were performed using data from 14 reference populations from across the tick's northern distribution. In contrast to predictions, the Spitsbergen population showed high genetic diversity and significant differentiation from reference populations, suggesting long\u2010term isolation. Host serology also demonstrated a high exposure rate to Lyme disease spirochaetes (Bbsl). Targeted PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia garinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a Spitsbergen tick, demonstrating the presence of Lyme disease bacteria in the high Arctic for the first time. Taken together, results contradict the notion that\n                    <jats:italic>I. uriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has recently expanded into the high Arctic. Rather, this tick has likely been present for some time, maintaining relatively high population sizes and an endemic transmission cycle of Bbsl. Close future observations of population infestation\/infection rates will now be necessary to relate epidemiological changes to ongoing climate modifications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T03:29:56Z","timestamp":1674703796000},"page":"1729-1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Climate change in the Arctic: Testing the poleward expansion of ticks and tick\u2010borne diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen D.","family":"McCoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Centre IRD, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Toty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Centre IRD, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2348-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marl\u00e8ne","family":"Dupraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Centre IRD, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8793-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Tornos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Centre IRD, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"CEFE, UMR 5175, University of Montpellier CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amandine","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, UMR 5175, University of Montpellier CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, UMR 5175, University of Montpellier CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Descamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fram Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5898-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Boulinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, UMR 5175, University of Montpellier CNRS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1239401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300\u2010009\u20100640\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066154"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Diapause and quiescence as two main kinds of dormancy and their significance in life cycles of mites and ticks (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Acari). Part 2. Parasitiformes","volume":"17","author":"Belozerov V. 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