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Little is known about the interplay of mineral type, land use and management intensity in MAOM formation, especially on subdecadal time scales. We exposed mineral containers with goethite or illite, the most abundant iron oxide and phyllosilicate clay in temperate soils, for 5\u2009years in topsoils of 150 forest and 150 grassland sites in three regions across Germany. Results show that irrespective of land use and management intensity, more C accumulated on goethite than illite (on average 0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 and 0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03\u2009mg\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    mineral surface respectively). Carbon accumulation across regions was consistently higher in coniferous forests than in deciduous forests and grasslands. Structural equation models further showed that thinning and harvesting reduced MAOM formation in forests. Formation of MAOM in grasslands was not affected by grazing. Fertilization had opposite effects on MAOM formation, with the positive effect being mediated by enhanced plant productivity and the negative effect by reduced plant species richness. This highlights the caveat of applying fertilizers as a strategy to increase soil C stocks in temperate grasslands. Overall, we demonstrate that the rate and amount of MAOM formation in soil is primarily driven by mineral type, and can be modulated by land use and management intensity even on subdecadal time scales. Our results suggest that temperate soils dominated by oxides have a higher capacity to accumulate and store C than those dominated by phyllosilicate clays, even under circumneutral pH conditions. Therefore, adopting land use and management practices that increase C inputs into oxide\u2010rich soils that are under their capacity to store C may offer great potential to enhance near\u2010term soil C sequestration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T18:17:37Z","timestamp":1700590657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Formation of mineral\u2010associated organic matter in temperate soils is primarily controlled by mineral type and modified by land use and management intensity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1212-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De Shorn E.","family":"Bramble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Department of Hydrogeology, 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Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Poll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Kandeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mikutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Mineralogy, Institute of Mineralogy Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz University Hannover  Hannover 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