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However, it remains contentious whether soil C sequestration is exclusively governed by mineral vacancies, making it challenging to accurately predict SOC dynamics. Here, through a 400\u2010day incubation experiment using\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010labeled organic materials in two contrasting soils (i.e., Mollisol and Ultisol), we show that despite the unsaturation of mineral surfaces in both soils, the newly incorporated C predominantly adheres to \u201cdirty\u201d mineral surfaces coated with native organic matter (OM), demonstrating the crucial role of organo\u2013organic interactions in exogenous C sequestration. Such interactions lead to multilayered C accumulation that is not constrained by mineral vacancies, a process distinct from direct organo\u2013mineral contacts. The coverage of native OM by new C, representing the degree of organo\u2013organic interactions, is noticeably larger in Ultisol (~14.2%) than in Mollisol (~5.8%), amounting to the net retention of exogenous C in Ultisol by 0.2\u20131.3\u2009g\u2009kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and in Mollisol by 0.1\u20131.0\u2009g\u2009kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Additionally, organo\u2013organic interactions are primarily mediated by polysaccharide\u2010rich microbial necromass. Further evidence indicates that iron oxides can selectively preserve polysaccharide compounds, thereby promoting the organo\u2013organic interactions. Overall, our findings provide direct empirical evidence for an overlooked but critically important pathway of C accumulation, challenging the prevailing \u201cC saturation\u201d concept that emphasizes the overriding role of mineral vacancies. It is estimated that, through organo\u2013organic interactions, global Mollisols and Ultisols might sequester ~0.1\u20131.0 and ~0.3\u20131.7\u2009Pg\u2009C per year, respectively, corresponding to the neutralization of ca. 0.5%\u20133.0% of soil C emissions or 5%\u201330% of fossil fuel combustion globally.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:26Z","timestamp":1705017626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Organo\u2013organic interactions dominantly drive soil organic carbon accrual"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural University  Wuhan 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