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Disentangling the effects of environmental change, harvest and intra\u2010 and inter\u2010specific trophic effects on body size remains challenging for populations in the wild. Herring in the Northwest Atlantic provide a strong basis for evaluating hypotheses related to these drivers given that they have experienced significant warming and harvest over the past century, while also having been exposed to a wide range of other selective constraints across their range. Using data on mean length\u2010at\u2010age 4 for the sixteen principal populations over a period of 53 cohorts (1962\u20132014), we fitted a series of empirical models for temporal and between\u2010population variation in the response to changes in sea surface temperature. We find evidence for a unified cross\u2010population response in the form of a parabolic function according to which populations in naturally warmer environments have responded more negatively to increasing temperature compared with those in colder locations. Temporal variation in residuals from this function was highly coherent among populations, further suggesting a common response to a large\u2010scale environmental driver. The synchrony observed in this study system, despite strong differences in harvest and ecological histories among populations and over time, clearly indicates a dominant role of environmental change on size\u2010at\u2010age in wild populations, in contrast to commonly reported effects of fishing. This finding has important implications for the management of fisheries as it indicates that a key trait associated with population productivity may be under considerably less short\u2010term management control than currently assumed. Our study, overall, illustrates the need for a comparative approach within species for inferences concerning the many possible effects on body size of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the wild.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1709870366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Coherent long\u2010term body\u2010size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuelle","family":"Beaudry\u2010Sylvestre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"},{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada  Mont Joli Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues P.","family":"Beno\u00eet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada  Mont Joli Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Research, Fl\u00f8devigen Marine Research Station  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Coastal Research University of Agder  Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12847"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1171-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao6868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.07.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2011.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsac209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Beno\u00eet H. 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