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However, DIR is also crucial for carbon sequestration, which can affect inorganic\u2010carbon redistribution via iron abiotic\u2013phase transformation. The formation conditions of modern carbonate\u2010bearing iron minerals (IC\n                    <jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and their potential as a CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sink are still unclear. A natural environment with modern IC\n                    <jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>\n                    , such as karst lake sediment, could be a good analog to explore the regulation of microbial iron reduction and sequential mineral formation. We find that high porosity is conducive to electron transport and dissimilatory iron\u2010reducing bacteria activity, which can increase the iron reduction rate. The iron\u2010rich environment with high calcium and OC can form a large sediment pore structure to support rapid DIR, which is conducive to the formation and growth of IC\n                    <jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Our results further demonstrate that the minimum DIR threshold suitable for IC\n                    <jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>\n                    formation is 6.65\u2009\u03bcmol\u2009g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009dw\u2009day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . DIR is the dominant pathway (average 66.93%) of organic anaerobic mineralization, and the abiotic\u2010phase transformation of Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    reduces CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions by ~41.79%. Our findings indicate that as part of the carbon cycle, DIR not only drives mineralization reactions but also traps carbon, increasing the stability of carbon sinks. Considering the wide geographic distribution of DIR and IC\n                    <jats:sub>Fe<\/jats:sub>\n                    , our findings suggest that the \u201ciron mesh\u201d effect may become an increasingly important vector of carbon sequestration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:52:44Z","timestamp":1710809564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The dual roles of dissimilatory iron reduction in the carbon cycle: The \u201ciron mesh\u201d effect can increase inorganic carbon sequestration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9876-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingxun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1636-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglong L.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences  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