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However, the interactions and cascading effects of warming and precipitation changes on the key \u201cextracellular\u201d and \u201cintracellular\u201d P cycling genes (PCGs) of bacteria are largely unknown for these P\u2010limited ecosystems. We used metagenomics to analyze the individual and combined effects of warming and altered precipitation on soil PCGs and P transformation in a manipulation experiment. Warming and increased precipitation raised Olsen\u2010P (bioavailable P, AP) by 13% and 20%, respectively, mainly caused by augmented hydrolysis of organic P compounds (NaOH\u2010Po). The decreased precipitation reduced soil AP by 5.3%. The richness and abundance of the PCGs' community in soils on the cold Tibetan plateau were more sensitive to warming than altered precipitation. The abundance of PCGs and P cycling processes decreased under the influence of individual climate change factors (i.e., warming and altered precipitation alone), except for the warming combined with increased precipitation. Pyruvate metabolism, phosphotransferase system, oxidative phosphorylation, and purine metabolism (all \u201cintracellular\u201d PCG) were closely correlated with P pools under climate change conditions. Specifically, warming recruited bacteria with the <jats:italic>phoD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>phoX<\/jats:italic> genes, which encode enzymes responsible for phosphoester hydrolysis (extracellular P cycling), strongly accelerated organic P mineralization and so, directly impacted P bioavailability in alpine soil. The interactions between warming and altered precipitation profoundly influenced the PCGs' community and facilitated microbial adaptation to these environmental changes. Warming combined with increased precipitation compensated for the detrimental impacts of the individual climate change factors on PCGs. In conclusion, warming combined with rising precipitation has boosting effect on most P\u2010related functions, leading to the acceleration of P cycling within microbial cells and extracellularly, including mineralization and more available P release for microorganisms and plants in alpine soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T14:55:13Z","timestamp":1713192913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Microbial phosphorus\u2010cycling genes in soil under global change"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7625-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuewei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro\u2010Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-5976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1020-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro\u2010Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro\u2010Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yakov","family":"Kuzyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of Goettingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaojun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro\u2010Ecosystems, College of Ecology Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu Province P.R. 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